Examples of earmarks in omnibus spending bill

RealClearPolitics:

"Senate Democrats' 1,924-page omnibus spending bill contains more than 6,700 pet projects known as earmarks. They include:

_$1 million for peanut research in Athens and Tifton, Ga.

_$3 million to restore oyster beds in the Chesapeake Bay.

_$360,000 for the Buffalo, N.Y., police department to purchase surveillance cameras.

_$800,000 to develop advanced packaging for combat rations.

_$4.4 million to develop laser technology to counter roadside bombs and other improvised explosive devices."

What exactly is "peanut research"?

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